Impact of Slavery System on African Continent and Its People Essay

Impact of Slavery System on African Continent and Its People - Essay Example Efforts of Africans in these plantations are what made America and Western countries to be the way they are today (Mentan, 2010). Nevertheless, slave trade, according to Anne Caroline Bailey, had profound effect to the social, political, and economic situations and structure of African continent and its people (Bailey, 2005). Therefore, efforts have to be made in identifying and analyzing the effects of slave trade to African continent and its people. Impact of Slave System to African Continent Slavery gave rise to the Trans-Atlantic trade, which has been identified as the main cause of numerous political, social, and economic malaises that befell the continent of Africa. Slave system largely transformed the African society, and this transformation persisted into the future of Africa. Walter Rodney argues that Atlantic slave trade did African continent more harms than benefits, a situation that has remained detrimental to the African societies (Leslie and Rucker, 2010). More so, Afri can in post-colonial era continued to writhe from the detrimental effects of slave trade (Leslie and Rucker, 2010). Slave trade system has been associated with under-development in Africa, especially from the detrimental effects it had on population, economy, agriculture, and stability (Leslie and Rucker, 2010). Inikori and Engerman (1992) argue that slave trade was responsible for the creation of more arbitrary and centralized warrior state, which in turn encouraged social conflict and increased violence. Moreover, the trade led to loss of population, decline in productivity, and increase in exposure to famine (Inikori and Engerman, 1992). At the same time, Becker (1977) asserts that slave trade was responsible to the detrimental effects to the African continent such as the increased wars, state instability and militarization of the society, and lastly, declined food production, which led to more deaths (Inikori and Engerman, 1992). Sharp and Schomp (2006) on the other hand, are co nvinced that the primary political impact of transatlantic slave trade was the entry of Western powers into Africa which led to subsequent colonization. The authors observe that the Western nations reaped huge profits from selling African slaves and gained profits from plantations in which slaves worked. As a result, they became powerful over weak African continent, and this situation led to colonization of the continent after the Berlin Conference of 1884 (Sharp and Schomp, 2006). Of course, the effects of colonialism are well articulated among majority of authors. Colonialism is associated with rampant underdevelopment of the continent, persistence of the culture of corruption and resource stealing, and many more evils the colonialist planted on the continent. On overall, slave system as manifested through transatlantic trade transformed the African continent in such way that its key institutions and stimulus for development and progress were suffocated and stagnated, a situation that has led African continent to lag behind in terms of developments. Impact of Slave System to the People of Africa Apart from the economic and institutional impact slave

How Media Affects Society Essay Example for Free

How Media Affects Society Essay There are still so many people that will insist that the images on TV and words and picture in Newspaper are not responsible for the problems of the society. The media is a good source of information and entertainment. In this first section I will talk about how the media affect our awareness, knowledge, attitude and behavior. You will see how the people turn to media to learn about Moral, Values and interpersonal relationship from the media. The media give us a perception of various culture, religions and believes. These help the average person to identify him and others. It show how people live like, what they believe in and describe the society. For example most media portrait most middle eastern Arabs as terrorist. They describe their ways of life as not conform with the principle of democracy. But the truth is we do not know anything about their belief. Most television viewers consider Arabs as terrorist because of the way they are portrait in the news. Heavy usage of these images may result in the cultivation of this perception. News that we get from certain media contradict the real society. You have to actually understand their religion and beliefs in order to make a statement about the person or the society. The media have a great effect on the society and in our life experience. We sometimes try to apply these concepts to our everyday life. Teenager like to watch TV shows about Love, fashion, Relationship, Violence, Speed and many other things; when older people watch about Food, Health, workout, antiques and news from the world. Things in TOGO (West Africa) there is a TV show that airs every Thursday evening at 8 oclock. when you go around all the houses in the country at that time everybody is sitting and watching that series. I do not recall the name of the series but it just impressive how a simple TV show can gather so many people at the same time. This affects everyone behaviors at that particular time. Media can be a great source of wisdom and knowledge but we should realize its impact on our society, our family ,our kid and our self. Media also causes people to have a negative view on themselves affecting their self esteem. If you were watching tv or watching a movie chances are that the stars of those shows are going to be attractive, slim or muscular. I believe that this gives a negative effect to teenagers who are still developing. By seeing this they think that they have to look and act the same as the people portrayed in these magazines or shows.

Physical Therapy and Kinesiology Essay -- relieve, stress, allergies, a

Physical therapy and kinesiology work in a close relationship to each other. Essentially one may think they are one in the same, however there are small differences between the two that provide different results when applied singularly. As a combined effort physical therapy and kinesiology work to heal the muscles and joints of the body, recreating movements perfectly as they were before injury or in some cases as closely as one can get to a perfect function. First one must understand where the lone is drawn between the two fields and how they balance each other to create desirable results in a patient. Kinesiology is a complimentary therapy used to identify and correct internal issues to relieve stress, allergies, and pain. Being described as a complimentary therapy, kinesiology is not meant to be a cure-all for the patient, but a secondary method of increasing positive results of the original therapy; this method however can be used as a primary or secondary form of therapy depending on the results for the patient and satisfaction with said results. During treatment the doctor tests 14 different areas of muscles balance, these major muscles and how they react are believed to uncover problems that need correction which cannot be found with any other testing (Rude Health). During testing, most patients are found to need correction in all 14 balance tests, depending on the ailment the patient complains of and how well they react to the muscle correction will tell whether or not further treatment is needed. The physical aspect of the therapy, despite the name and basic principles, is not the only aspect required for optimal results. One must also report lifestyle and diet changes ranging from daily stress levels to pat... ... begin without the other, though the end result is far from the same ideal. Physical therapy can work with kinesiology in a way to take it into the light it belongs, and further the study from a more scientific approach. From that step forward, with more scientific study, the therapy may eventually hold its own and the results speak for themselves in the same way physical therapy has proven to be beneficial. References Mayo School of Health Sciences. (n.d.). Physical Therapy. Retrieved April 19, 2014, from http://www.mayo.edu/mshs/careers/physical-therapy Rude Health : Kinesiology. (n.d.). Proquest. Retrieved April 19, 2014, from http://search.proquest.com.ezp-02.lirn.net/docview/759739277/8E660E12CC7646E0PQ/4?accountid=107221 What is Physical Therapy?. (n.d.). Medical News Today. Retrieved April 19, 2014, from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/160645.php

Competition in Energy Drinks, Sports Drinks, and Vitamin-Enhanced Beverages Essay

Scientific evidence that some products are not healthy Effect people with heart arrhythmias and insomnia Mix with alcohol Relaxed Drink Niche – abuse with prescription cough syrup As we look at this SWOT analysis of the alternative beverage industry we notice that there are some opportunities that they have created and are able to use in the future. Consumers’ choices are changing from the standard soft drink to alternative beverages. The key is to be sustainable by building up these products. The main opportunity to help with sustainability is to build brand loyalty. Try building up the knowledge and uses of your brands will help you gain the skills needed to continue building the brand. Porter’s five-forces model reveals that the overall alternative beverage industry attractiveness is high. Some beverage companies, such as PepsiCo and Coca-Cola, have mastered the art of brand building in the alternativebeverage market and have been rewarded with rapid growth rates. The rising population of health conscious consumers is increasingly leaning towards alternative beverages that are believed to offer greater health benefits. The strongest competitive force, or most important to strategy formulation, is the threat of entry of new competitors. Competitive pressure from rival sellers is high in the alternative beverage industry. The number of brands competing in sports drinks, energy drinks, and vitamin-enhanced beverage segments of the alternative beverage industry continue to grow each year. Both large and small vendors are launching new products and fighting for minimal retail shelf space. More and more consumers are moving away from traditional soft drinks to healthier alternative drinks. Demand is expected to grow worldwide as consumer purchasing power increases. Another strong competitive force is buyer bargaining power. Convenience stores and grocery stores have substantial leverage in negotiating pricing and slotting fees with alternative beverage producers due to the large quantity of their purchase. Newer brands are very vulnerable to buyer power because of limited space on store shelves. Top brands like Red Bull are almost always guaranteed space. This competitive force does not affect Coca-Cola or PepsiCo as much due to the variety of beverages the stores want to offer to the customer. As a result of this certain appeal, the two companies’ alternative beverage brands can almost always be found shelf space in grocery/convenience stores. Distributors, like restaurants, have less ability to negotiate for deep pricing discounts because of quantity limitations.

Overview of accounting analysis Essay

1. A finance student states, â€Å"I don’t understand why anyone pays any attention  to accounting earnings numbers, given that a ‘clean’ number like cash from operations is readily available.† Do you agree? Why or why not? I disagree with the finance student, because net income forecasts future cash flow and is informative. a. Net income forecasts future cash flow better than current cash flow, and does so by recording transactions associated with cash consequences when the transactions occur, rather than when the cash is received or paid. To compute net income, the effects of economic transactions are recorded on the basis of expected, not necessarily actual, cash receipts and payments. b. Net income is informative when corporate managers have better information than outside investors. Corporate managers use accrual rather than cash accounting to prepare financial reporting and determine net income. Since accrual accounting helps managers to record past events and forecast future events, net income gives superior information. 2. Fred argues: â€Å"The standards that I like most are the ones that eliminate all management discretion in reporting – that way I get uniform numbers across all companies and don’t have to worry about doing accounting analysis†. Do you agree? Why or why not? I disagree with Fred, because the elimination of delegation of reporting to management will create chaos and misinterpretation of financial statements. Corporate managers know how to apply and judge business transactions using the accrual accounting framework. They have inside information and make appropriate judgments to convey that information to investors and forecast future performance. If this discretion is eliminated, managers will be unable to make use of inside information in reported financial statements. However, since investors view profits as a measure of a manager’s performance, some managers have an incentive to use their accounting  discretion to distort reported profits by making biased assumptions. Also, the use of accounting numbers in contracts between the firm and outsiders provides a motivation for management manipulation of accounting numbers. Therefore, the delegation of financial reporting decisions to managers has both costs and benefits. Accounting rules and auditing are mechanisms deigned to reduce the cost and preserve the benefit of delegating financial reporting to corporate managers. 3. Bill Simon says, â€Å"We should get rid of the FASB and SEC, since free market forces will make sure that companies report reliable information.† Do you agree? Why or why not? Free market forces do not make sure that all companies report reliable information. Bill assumes that corporate managers do not disclose unreliable information and that they share inside information with outside investors. In real life, managers disclose false information and investors don’t detect inside information right away. Therefore, FASB and SEC force managers to disclose reliable information and comply reasonably with U.S. GAAP standards. 4. Many firms recognize revenues at the point of shipment. This provides an incentive to accelerate revenues by shipping goods at the end of the quarter. Consider two companies, one of which ships its products evenly throughout the quarter, and the second of which ships all its products in the last two weeks of the quarter. Each company’s customers pay 30 days after receiving shipment. Using accounting ratios, how can you distinguish these companies? Both companies will have the same amount of revenues and expenses in their income statements. However, their balance sheets will show different amounts. At the end of each quarter, the company that ships its products evenly throughout the quarter should have higher cash and a lower accounts receivable balance than the company that ships all its products in the last two weeks of the quarter. We can distinguish between these companies using the following accounting  ratios: a. Accounts Receivable Turnover Ratio = Sales Accounts Receivable The company that ships its products evenly throughout the quarter and has steady sales will have a higher accounts receivable turnover ratio. b. Accounts Receivable Days Ratio = Accounts Receivable Average Sales per Day The company that ships its products evenly throughout the quarter and has steady sales will have a lower accounts receivable days ratio. c. Cash Ratio = Cash + Short-Term Investments Current Liabilities The company that ships its products evenly throughout the quarter and has steady sales will have a higher cash ratio. 5. A. If management reports truthfully, what economic events are likely to prompt the following accounting changes? a. Increase in the estimated life of depreciable assets. If managers find out that the actual life of the depreciable assets lasted longer than was expected, managers will increase the estimated life of depreciable assets. b. Decrease in the uncollectible allowance as a percentage of gross receivables. The firm will decrease the percentage of uncollectable allowance when it receives orders from reliable customers. In contrast, the firm will increase the percentage of uncollectable allowance when it receives orders from unreliable customers. c. Recognition of revenues at the point of delivery, rather than at the point  cash is received. A firm could recognize revenues at the point of delivery rather than at the point of cash receipt when its customer’s credit improves or its customer’s cash payment is not a risk. d. Capitalization of a higher proportion of software R&D costs. A firm will capitalize a higher proportion of software R&D costs when the firm has established the technical and commercial feasibility of the asset for sale or use. For example, technical and commercial feasibility may be established when the firm completes the software and either uses it or sells it and is able to demonstrate how the intangible asset will generate future economic benefits. 5.B. What features of accounting, if any, would make it costly for dishonest managers to make the same changes without any corresponding economic changes? Opinion of third parties. Auditors provide a clean opinion of a firm’s financial statements. If the changes in the accounting policy are reasonably consistent with economic changes, auditors will not provide a clean opinion of the financial statements. Accrual reversal effect. Aggressive capitalization of software R&D expenditures will increase net income in the current period, but the later writing-off of capitalized R&D costs will decrease net income in the following period. Lawsuit. If a firm discloses false financial information and its investor loses because of that information, the firm will pay legal penalties. Labor Market Discipline. The labor market for managers will discipline those who are perceived as unreliable managers in dealing with external parties. 6. The conservatism principle arises because of concerns about management’s incentives to overstate the firm’s performance. Joe Banks argues: â€Å"We could get rid of conservatism and make accounting numbers more useful if we delegated financial reporting to independent auditors, rather than to  corporate managers.† Do you agree? Why or why not? I don’t agree with Joe Banks, because if we delegate financial reporting to independent auditors rather than to corporate managers, we will decrease the quality of financial reporting. Auditors don’t have all the inside information that corporate managers have when the economic reality of the firm is displayed. Furthermore, the way managers and auditors assess a firm is different. Auditors could apply accounting standards to assess business transactions in a mechanical way rather than using their professional judgment, leading to poor quality financial reporting. For example, everybody agrees that market-value accounting provides relevant information; however, auditors are concerned more about the audit liability. 7. A fund manager states: â€Å"I refuse to buy any company that makes a voluntary accounting change, since it’s certainly a case of management trying to hide bad news.† Can you think of any alternative interpretation? Voluntary accounting change could happen because business circumstances have changed in the firm. For example, unusual increases in receivables might be due to changes in a firm’s sales strategy, or unusual decreases in the allowance for uncollectible receivables might be reflecting a change in a firm’s customer focus. Therefore, an analyst should use qualitative information such as the evaluation of the context of the business strategy and economic circumstances, and not deliberately interpret the firm’s accounting change as earnings manipulation. 8. Fair value accounting attempts to make financial information more relevant to financial statement users, at the risk of greater subjectivity. What factors would you examine to evaluate the reliability of fair value assets? We should examine the fair value hierarchy to evaluate the reliability of fair value assets. Level 1 is the most reliable in terms of valuating fair value assets because it is based on quoted prices, like a closing stock price in the Wall Street Journal. Level 2 is the next most reliable and would rely on evaluating similar assets or liabilities in active markets Level 3 is the least reliable level because it requires a good deal of judgment and is based on the best information available (such as a company’s own data or assumptions) to arrive at a relevant and reliable fair value measurement. Financial statement users can trust prices in liquid markets as long as observable inputs such as level 1 and 2 reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities. In level 3, we encounter unobservable inputs.

Fortunately, we live in a country that treats thei Essays

Fortunately, we live in a country that treats thei Essays Fortunately, we live in a country that treats their citizens better than others. Unfortunately, we have a horrible president controlling our country we call America. We are called "The land of the free", but are we really "free"? President Donald Trump, the 45th President of the United States of America, is the most inconsiderate person alive. He is a validated sexists, racist and non-caring person. There are countless of reasons why he is an inadequate president and shouldn't be serving our country as a president. There have many incidents of Donald Trump being sexist towards women. April 15th, 2015 Trump tweeted "If Hillary Clinton can't satisfy her husband what makes you think she can satisfy America?' This tweet shows where Trump true attention is at, not with this country, but worrying about another politician's marriage. Trump believes that a woman who gets an abortion should be punished in some form, says The Telegraph. Trump believes that women should only be allowed to get an abortion if they were raped or there life is at stake. Trump has participated in an interview where he states that he "grabs them by the pussy", them as in women. Trump claims that women allow him to do such a thing, even without asking for consent, because he is famous. Trump sexist comments dates back to as far as the 90s when he in an interview calls women a "beautiful piece of ass". To think that this is our president is a bit frightening. Not only a sexist, Trump is a racist and seems to be proud of it. Donald Trump has been a racist far before claiming his president position in The White House. Not only a racist towards the African American community, he has stated many racist comments towards many other races, practically all races other than his own, which is the white community. Trump has put in order to build a wall at the Mexican and American border in hopes to keep all Mexicans out of America. He wants to deploy all illegal immigrants back to their native land. Trump claims to "have a great relationship with the blacks", says Huff Post. Although Trump claims to love him some black folk, in 1993 his company was sued twice by the Justice Department for reportedly not selling property to black people. Unfortunately Puerto Rico was

THE VAIROUS USES FOR POTASSIUM essays

THE VAIROUS USES FOR POTASSIUM essays Potassium, which is the nineteenth element in the Periodic Table, influences the health of all living things. Whether it be used in a medicine or in certain amounts in dietary supplements, it helps all living things to improve the quality of life. Potassium has many uses, ranging from those of everyday life to those in rare circumstances. Although potassium may be a necessity to the maintenance of life, its intake must be regulated. It is known that too much of a good thing can be harmful, and this theory applies to potassium, as well. If potassium is taken in the correct doses, it can be a very helpful element in the improvement of the quality of life. Potassium is very important in the human body. Along with sodium, it regulates the water balance and the acid-base balance in the blood and tissues. It helps to generate and regulate muscle contractions and heart beat. Potassium participates in the synthesis of protein from amino acids in the cell. It also functions in carbohydrate metabolism, and it is active in glycogen and glucose metabolism. This process is responsible for converting glucose to glycogen that can be stored in the liver for future energy. Potassium is important for normal growth and for building muscle, and should be an abundant part of the diet of all living things. The most efficient way of providing ones body is by shifting to natural, potassium foods and away from high-salt foods, lose weight if needed, and follow an exercise program to improve cardiovascular tone and physical stamina. This would be called the natural diet. It is known to help maintain normal blood pressure and possibly lower high blood pressure. Foods which help these causes are fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, which are foods that have a very low sodium content. Some include leafy green vegetables such as spinach, parsley, and lettuce, as well as broccoli, peas, lima beans, toma...