Bloodless Surgery

gillyflowerless Surgery Type the document subtitle Michael Jones Abstract in that location puddle been many court cases that has made, p argonnt who deny their child melody transfusion, to founder to get one. Most judgment of conviction the courts entrust side with the parents, provided if their end not to is life threatening, the court side with the hospital. Most measure it is for religious reasons that parent presumet want their child to shit phone line transfusion. There are many ventures associated with kin transfusion, some parents dont want to take that lay on the line. Some of the diseases you displace get are hepatitis B and hepatitis C.HIV and AIDS deal to a fault be undertake through slant transfusion. It can even lead to death of a recipient. Is it ethical for parents to chose for their kids not to arrive origination transfusion. There is an alternative to pedigree transfusion. There are many tools and techniques to prevent the need for line of me rchandise transfusion. legion(predicate) doctors today are moving more towards etiolate operating room. The growth of livid mathematical process can be largely due to the number of nobles Witness unhurrieds. It is beneficial for both the patient and the hospital. More exist effective and faster rec any overy.I will talk about how operative planning is important for a successful etiolate surgery. I will touch on technique equivalent prison cell savaging and Normothermia. Also assert you to a cool tool called Cyber-Knife. I will show how nobles Witnesses and their hospital Liaison Committee help my family when it came to rentless surgery. Blood transfusions have been known to have many dangers. In or so cases the cons outweighs the pros, cause many people to consider alternative measures. Today one of the most innovative and effective alternatives is whitened surgery.In the event that you are face up by much(prenominal) a challenging yet important decision such a surgery, allow me to enlighten you on some of the statistics, procedures and benefits of line of reasoningless surgery to assist you in making an informed decision. As we picture at some of the dangers that are associated with blood transfusion alongside newfangled methods, equipment and benefits of bloodless surgery. We will make up ones mind how these procedures have progressed over the years, and how the gain in use of bloodless surgery can be attributed to a bantam group of people known as nobles Witness.Witnesses as patients will not accept blood transfusion, under any circumstances. This has caused doctors to hear for other solutions. The reasons why you should use bloodless surgery are the risk associated with blood transfusion. Transfusions have been used for over fifty years in clinical euphony. Within those fifty years it has become apparent that the risk such as infectious viruses, bacterial infections and even death has been conjugated to blood transfusion. Inf ectious viruses include but are limited to blood borne pathogens bid hepatitis B and C.The Blood bank reports for screened units of blood in 2007, 1 in 137,000 had hepatitis B, fewer than 1 in 1,000,000 for hepatitis C (Nagarsheth, N. P. , Sasan, F. 2009) Blood transfusions have been associated with higher incidence of bacterial infections. Bacterial infection was 2 percent non-transfusion patients, 15 percent for those with up to 2 units of blood red blood cells transfused, 22 percent with three to five units of blood, and 29 percent for patients transfused with 6 or more units of blood. (Nagarsheth, N. P. , Sasan, F. 009) The more blood received in a transfusion, the more likely you are to get a postoperative infection. umteen People today receive multiplex transfusions. Transfusion in measure develops allergenic immunization. This limits the supply of compatible blood. These numbers may seem like appoint dotery witnesss, but why take the chance. Ultimately there is death . finis is not a foreign outcome of blood transfusion. Transfusion link acute lung injury or TRALI, was first reported in the proto(prenominal) 90s. Its a life threading reply following a blood transfusion.TRALI is now known to cause many deaths each year. However, experts guess that the number of death is much higher than what is reported in relation back to TRALI, because many doctors are unaware of the symptoms. The cause for such a reaction is conclusive. New scientist states The blood that causes TRALI appears to come primarily from people who have multiple transfusions. TRALI is the top reason for blood transfusion death in the world. churchmans Witnesses have benefited greatly from their faithful course.Although their reason for not having blood transfusions are not because of the negative reasons that derive from it, but because of their devout article of faith in God and the Bible. They obey scripture such as Acts 15 20 which states abstain from blood and Leviticus 7 26 you must not eat any blood. Jehovahs Witnesses respect Gods authority and has taken their stand against blood transfusions, regardless of the outcome. If you do not agree with such a point of view, lets examine the benefits to bloodless surgery and its advancing technology.Over the years the tools and techniques of surgery without blood transfusion has amend greatly. One tool or technique used for surgeries with a lot of blood lost is called cell exempt. This involves recovering the blood lost by a patient, cleaning it, and putting it back into the patient. This is done non-stop during surgery. Technological advances have increased system automation offering higher processing speeds and fall apart end product. (Lawrence Goodnough. 2003 Vol. 4) Cell salvaging is also cost effective for the hospital and the patient.If there is a surgery with lots of blood lost, it is cheaper to use cell salvage than the units of blood used in a transfusion. Also the recovery time is faster r educing the time and money a patient spends at a hospital. How can blood loss during surgery be displace in order to lessen the chance for need of a blood transfusion? The key is preoperative planning for a successful bloodless surgery. The first thing to be considered is the amount of red blood cell (RBC) that will lost before a transfusion is needed. This is called the transfusion threshold. other thing that can be done before surgery is to increase the patients RBC visual modality. (Watchtower Bible and Track Society, 2004) RBC mass can be increased by injection of iron into the patient. Also erythropoietin(EPO). EPO is a protein endocrine produced by the kidneys. This synthetic hormone acts like the natural erythropoietin found in our kidneys and stimulates the bone marrow to send new, fresh red cells into the bloodstream. (Watchtower. org)EPO is normally prone 10 to 20 days before surgery. If you increase the RBC mass and lower the transfusion threshold, it allows for an even greater acceptable amount of blood loss.Normothermia is a technique used to keep the patients eubstance temperature during surgery. This helps keep the blood flowing properly. Managing the patient body temperature throughout the immaculate process reduces the surreal shock to the body which reduces the chances of incurring infection. The patient can be warmed by a thermal suit or a machine that infuses warm fluid into the body. The position can also help reduces blood loss during surgery. Local veins pressure changes depending on the stadium of relativity to the heart. Low pressure goes hand in hand with blood saved.Stanford University Medical Center is a pioneer in the use of bloodless surgery in neurosurgery. Without sawing into the skull or so much as case the scalp, they are curing patients whose brain and spine tumors were not long ago considered a death sentences. (Fillon, Mike 1997) These surgeries are possible with the use of Stanford Universitys computer mediate d stereotaxis radio surgery known as the Cyber-knife. The Cyber-Knife is basically a robotic x-ray gun that shots small amounts of radiation into the tumor in a lot of different directions.This kills off the infected tissue without over exposing other parts of the body to radiation. Cyber-knife is a robotic arm that locks the radiation diaphysis on to the tumor and constantly readjusts its aim in response to the patients natural small movement. To help doctors in providing treatment without blood transfusions, Jehovahs Witnesses have developed a helpful liaison service. Presently, more than 1,400 infirmary Liaison Committees worldwide are equipped to provide doctors and researchers with medical literary works from a data base of over 3,000 articles related to bloodless medicine and surgery.Not entirely Jehovahs Witnesses, but all patients in general today, are less likely to be given unnecessary transfusions because of the work of the Jehovahs Witnesses Hospital Liaison Committe es. In many surgeries which doctors felt that a transfusion was needed. The liaison committee has provided them with medical literature that shows how effective EPO can be. Some did not think that it would work fast enough to make up the amount of blood needed. A number of cases have shown how pronto EPO gets results. In one instance, on the very same day afterward EPO was administered, the count of new red cells was already four times normal (Watchtower. org) My mother and father got to see how effective the liaison committee, and blood surgery first hand. When my brother was 16 years old, we found out that he had cancer in his knee. At that time there was no hospitals with a committee or doctor that would perform bloodless surgery on Staten Island. So the hospital liaison committee located Mount Sinai Hospital that had one doctor that did do bloodless surgery. My brother was put on EPO, and was the only patient that was.For all of the doctors this was their first time use EPO, o r even insideng bloodless surgery. They were extremely surprised how much better he was doing than the other kids that were having blood transfusions. It was really sad to see all those little kids and babies having blood pumped in to them. That is what my mother verbalize when I was asking her about my brother surgery. She said Junior what the only kid that was up walking close to, all the other kids was in their beds consider like they was about to die. Two things happened to my brother. First he lost all his hire because of chemotherapy.He also lost his leg because that was the only focus they could remove all the cancer. It is reasonable to conclude that although blood transfusion has been around for many years. With all its side effects such as, infectious viruses bacterial infections and even death. It is quickly becoming a thing of the past With buckram scriptural basis and its practical benefits, Jehovahs Witnesses have been the main reason for the growth of bloodles s surgery. Today hospitals across the world embed bloodless programs to help meet the demand for this growing number.Along with that, doctors have developed many techniques and tools in order to be successful in bloodless surgery. Techniques such as cell savaging and blood recovery and tools like the Cyber-knife. This have allowed for more cost effective surgeries, faster recovery, lower chance for infection and viruses. If ever surgery is something you have to undergo. I hope that I have persuaded you to make the right decision. References Cantrell, S. (2010). New normothermia measure heats up patient- temperature management. healthcare Purchasing News, 34(3), 22-29.Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Fillon, M. (1997). Bloodless surgery. Popular Mechanics, 174(1), 48. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Goodnough, L. , Shander, A. (2003). Evolution in alternatives to blood transfusion. hematology Journal, 4(2), 87. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Nagarsheth, N. P. , Sasan, F. (2009). Bloodless Surgery in Gynecologic Oncology. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 76(6), 589-597. doi10. 1002/msj. 20146 Watch Tower Bible and track society of Pennsylvania. (2004) Transfusion Alternatives, document Series. Watchtower. org